Catalan numbers
June 13th, 2005 by WaltI found an elementary introduction to the Catalan numbers at Tom Davis’ web site. The Catalan numbers arise in several counting problems, such as counting the number of ways of parenthesizing an expression and the number of ways to cut up a polygon into triangles.
June 14th, 2005 at 7:42 am
Stanley has lots of material in Enumerative Combinatorics II with plenty of extra material online. For example he has many more interpretations of the Catalan numbers here.