Espace Etale

I was looking at the description of espace étalé (see Wikipedia’s article on sheaves) in J.S. Milne’s lecture notes on etale cohomology where I saw this scary sentence: “It is possible to avoid using these spaces — in fact Grothendieck has banished them from mathematics — but they are quite useful, for example, for defining the inverse image of a sheaf”. Well, I hope for Milne’s sake that Grothendieck never finds out.

Iskra on Really Modern Algebra

In a glimpse of humanity’s future, which will be a grim dystopia for me and a paradise for everyone else, John Iskra is writing an undergraduate algebra text written purely from a categorical point of view, called Really Modern Algebra. It’s far from complete, but at 70 pages you can see where he’s going. He’s currently teaching a course out of the book, and also provides his slides from lectures.

Natural Operations in Differential Geometry

If anyone is interested in some more synthetic differential geometric goodness, the point of view of the book Natural Operations in Differential Geometry by Ivan Kolar, Jan Slovak and Peter W. Michor, while couched in a more traditional language, is quite close to that of synthetic differential geometry. In Natural Operations, the authors are trying to classify functors on the category of differentiable manifolds (this is what they call a natural operation). Synthetic differential geometry tries to define a larger category so that those functors become representable.

Cosmic Variance on Boltzmann

Sean at Cosmic Variance has a very interesting post on Boltzmann and entropy. Given that entropy is generally increasing, why was the universe ever in a low-entropy state? One idea proposed by Boltzmann himself is that we are living in a small low-entropy fluctuation in a much larger universe. (According to statistical mechanics, entropy can decrease, but is just very unlikely to do so.) If we take Boltzmann’s idea seriously, then we would expect to be living in the most likely fluctuation compatible with our existence, which does not seem to be the case. Sean has much more on this.